Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya Tuubooyinka Heerka Mareykanka (heerarka taxanaha ASTM inta badan) iyo Tuubooyinka Heerka Shiinaha (heerarka taxanaha GB inta badan) waxay ku jiraan nidaamka caadiga ah, qeexitaannada cabbirka, darajooyinka agabka, iyo shuruudaha farsamada. Hoos waxaa ku yaal isbarbardhig faahfaahsan oo qaabaysan:
1. Nidaamka Caadiga ah iyo Baaxadda Codsiga
| Qaybta | Heerka Mareykanka (ASTM) | Heerka Shiinaha (GB) |
|---|---|---|
| Heerarka Muhiimka ah | Tuubooyinka aan kala go 'lahayn: ASTM A106, A53 Tuubooyinka birta aan daxalka lahayn: ASTM A312, A269 Tuubooyinka alxanka leh: ASTM A500, A672 | Tuubooyinka aan kala go 'lahayn: GB/T 8163, GB/T 3087 Tuubooyinka birta aan miridh lahayn: GB/T 14976 Tuubooyinka la alxamay: GB/T 3091, GB/T 9711 |
| Xaaladaha Codsiga | Suuqa Waqooyiga Ameerika, mashaariicda caalamiga ah (saliidda iyo gaaska, warshadaha kiimikada), oo u baahan u hoggaansanaanta qeexitaannada taageerada sida API iyo ASME | Mashaariicda gudaha, qaar ka mid ah mashaariicda Koonfur-bari Aasiya, oo la jaan qaadaya maraakiibta cadaadiska ee GB ay taageerto iyo qeexitaannada dhuumaha |
| Saldhigga Naqshadeynta | U hoggaansan taxanaha ASME B31 (koodhyada naqshadeynta dhuumaha cadaadiska) | Wuxuu u hoggaansamayaa GB 50316 (Koodhka Naqshadeynta Tuubooyinka Birta Warshadaha) |
2. Nidaamka Qeexitaanka Cabbirka
Kani waa farqiga ugu macquulsan, iyadoo diiradda la saarayo calaamadaynta dhexroorka tuubada iyo taxanaha dhumucda derbiga.
Calaamadaynta Dhexroorka Tuubada
- Heerka Mareykanka: Wuxuu adeegsadaa Cabbirka Tuubada Magacaaban (NPS) (tusaale ahaan, NPS 2, NPS 4) inji, kaas oo aan si toos ah ugu dhigmin dhexroorka dibadda ee dhabta ah (tusaale ahaan, NPS 2 wuxuu u dhigmaa dhexroorka dibadda ee 60.3mm).
- Heerka Shiinaha: Wuxuu adeegsadaa Dhexroorka Magacaaban (DN) (tusaale ahaan, DN50, DN100) milimitir ahaan, halkaas oo qiimaha DN uu u dhow yahay dhexroorka dibadda ee tuubada (tusaale ahaan, DN50 wuxuu u dhigmaa dhexroorka dibadda ee 57mm).
Taxanaha Dhumucda Darbiga
- Heerka Mareykanka: Wuxuu qaataa taxanaha Jadwalka (Sch) (tusaale ahaan, Sch40, Sch80, Sch160). Dhumucda derbigu waxay ku kordheysaa lambarka Sch, qiimayaasha kala duwan ee Sch-na waxay u dhigmaan dhumucda derbiyada kala duwan ee isku midka ah NPS.
- Heerka Shiineeska: Wuxuu adeegsadaa fasalka dhumucda derbiga (S), fasalka cadaadiska, ama si toos ah ayuu u calaamadeeyaa dhumucda derbiga (tusaale ahaan, φ57×3.5). Heerarka qaarkood waxay sidoo kale taageeraan calaamadaynta taxanaha Sch.
3. Darajooyinka Agabka & Kala Duwanaanta Waxqabadka
| Qaybta | Qalabka Caadiga ah ee Mareykanka | Agabka Heerka Shiinaha ee u dhigma | Kala duwanaanshaha Waxqabadka |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bir Kaarboon ah | ASTM A106 Gr.B | GB/T 8163 Fasalka 20aad ee Birta | ASTM Gr.B waxay leedahay maadada sulfur iyo fosfooraska oo hooseysa iyo adkeysi heerkul hoose oo wanaagsan; GB Grade 20 Steel waxay bixisaa kharash-oolnimo sare, oo ku habboon xaaladaha cadaadiska hooseeya ilaa dhexdhexaadka ah |
| Bir aan Daxal lahayn | ASTM A312 TP304 | GB/T 14976 06Cr19Ni10 | Halabuurka kiimikada ee la midka ah; Heerka Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo adag oo loogu talagalay tijaabinta daxalka isku-dhafan, halka Heerka Shiinuhu uu qeexayo xaalado gaarsiin oo kala duwan |
| Bir Daawaha Hoose leh | ASTM A335 P11 | GB/T 9948 12Cr2Mo | ASTM P11 waxay bixisaa xoog heerkul sare oo deggan; GB 12Cr2Mo waxay ku habboon tahay dhuumaha kuleyliyaha warshadaha korontada ee gudaha |
4. Shuruudaha Farsamada & Heerarka Imtixaanka
Tijaabada Cadaadiska
- Heerka Mareykanka: Tijaabada Hydrostatic waa shuruud qasab ah oo leh qaacidooyin xisaabin cadaadis tijaabo oo adag, oo waafaqsan tilmaamaha ASME B31; tijaabada aan burburin (UT/RT) ayaa looga baahan yahay tuubooyinka cadaadiska sare leh.
- Heerka Shiinaha: Tijaabada Hydrostatic-ka waa la gorgortami karaa marka loo baahdo iyadoo cadaadis tijaabo ah oo dabacsan la saarayo; saamiga tijaabada aan burburin waxaa go'aamiya fasalka dhuumaha (tusaale ahaan, 100% tijaabinta dhuumaha heerka GC1).
Xaaladaha Bixinta
- Heerka Mareykanka: Tuubooyinka waxaa badanaa lagu keenaa xaalad caadi ah + heerkul sare leh oo leh shuruudo daaweyn dusha sare ah oo cad (tusaale ahaan, qajaar, nuugid).
- Heerka Shiinaha: Waxaa lagu keeni karaa xaalado kulul oo la duubay, qabow lagu sawiray, caadi ah, ama xaalado kale oo leh shuruudo daaweyn dusha sare oo dabacsan.
5. Kala duwanaanshaha Iswaafajinta ee Hababka Isku-xirka
- Tuubooyinka Heerka Mareykanka ah waxaa lagu dhejiyaa qalab (flanges, xusullada) oo u hoggaansan ASME B16.5, iyadoo flanges-ka si caadi ah loo isticmaalo dusha sare ee shaabadaynta RF (Wajiga Kor loo qaaday) iyo fasallada cadaadiska oo lagu calaamadeeyay Fasalka (tusaale ahaan, Fasalka 150, Fasalka 300).
- Tuubooyinka Caadiga ah ee Shiinaha waxaa lagu dhejiyaa qalabka u hoggaansan GB/T 9112-9124, iyadoo la adeegsanayo flanges lagu calaamadeeyay PN (tusaale ahaan, PN16, PN25) fasallada cadaadiska. Noocyada dusha sare ee shaabadeynta ayaa la jaan qaadaya Heerka Mareykanka laakiin cabbirkoodu wuu yar yahay.
Talooyinka Xulashada Muhiimka ah
- Mudnaanta siiya tuubooyinka Heerka Mareykanka ee mashaariicda caalamiga ah; xaqiiji in shahaadooyinka NPS, taxanaha Sch, iyo agabka ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha ASTM.
- Mudnaanta siiya tuubooyinka Shiinaha ee caadiga ah mashaariicda gudaha sababtoo ah kharash yar iyo sahay ku filan oo ah qalab taageero.
- Ha isku qasin tuubooyinka Heerka Mareykanka iyo kuwa Heerka Shiinaha, gaar ahaan isku xirka flange-ka—isku dheelitir la'aanta cabbirka waxay sababi kartaa cillad shaabadeynta.
Waxaan bixin karaa jadwal beddel ah oo loogu talagalay qeexitaannada caadiga ah ee tuubooyinka (American Standard NPS vs. Chinese Standard DN) si loo fududeeyo xulashada degdega ah iyo beddelka. Ma u baahan tahay?
Waqtiga boostada: Diseembar-15-2025